Thrust 2
Trace & Vapor Sensors
Thrust Leader: Stephen P. Beaudoin, Purdue University
This thrust concentrates on understanding the fundamental problems of trace and vapor detection of explosives. The goal of this effort is to enable development of sensing systems capable of detecting ultra-low amounts of explosives which are both selective (i.e., able to reduce number of false positives and false negatives), and adaptable (i.e., can accommodate new explosives as they become threats). This effort will require fundamental materials research for next generation sensors, such as development of hybrid quantum dot/polymer array structures. The sensor concepts developed here can be integrated into sensor systems as discussed in Thrusts R3 and R4.
Project Leaders
Stephen P. Beaudoin
Professor
Purdue University
Email
Faculty and Staff
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Byran Boudouris
Assistant Professor
Purdue University
Email
Students
- Ahmet Cagri Aydinkarahailoglu
University of Notre Dame
- Effects of Volume Scaling in AIN Nano Plate Resonators on Quality Factor Qian, Z., Hui, Y. & Rinaldi, M. Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) 2016.
- Chemical Sensing Based on Graphene-Aluminum Nitride Nano Plate Resonators Qian, Z., Hui, Y., Liu, F., Kar, S. & Rinaldi, M. Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors 2015 Conference, pp. 1-4 DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370507 2015.
- A Compilation of Cold Case Investigations using Scanning Electron Microscopy Platek, M.J. & Gregory, O.J. SPIE Scanning Microscopies Symposium 2015.
- Stability of Optical Trajectories in Rotationally Asymmetric Multipass Cells Harden, G.H., Cortes-Herrera, L.E., & Hoffman, A.J. Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics 2016.
- Oxide Nanowires for Chemical Sensing Caron, Z., Patel, V., Meekins, D., Platek,M., & Gregory., O.J. Fall MRS Meeting 2015.
- Trace Explosives Detection Using Zinc Oxide Nanowires Caron, Z., Mallin, D., Champlin, M., & Gregory, O. 250th American Chemical Society National Meeting 2015.
- Trace Explosive Detection using Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanowire Catalysts Caron, Z. & Gregory, O. Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Society - FACSS/SciX Conference 2015.
- Chapter 4. Aspects of Particle Adhesion and Removal Quesnel, D., Rimai, D., Schaefer, D., Beaudoin, S., Harrison, A., Hoss, D., Sweat, M., & Thomas, M. Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume 1, 2nd Ed., Kohli, R. and Mittal, K., Eds., Wiley, pp. 119 - 147 2015. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-29960-2.00004-6.
- Detection of Gas-Phase Explosive Analytes Using Fluorescent Spectroscopy of Thin Films of Xanthene Dyes Qi Zhang, H. & Euler, W.B. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 225, pp. 553 - 562 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.098.
- Graphene-Aluminum Nitride Nano Plate Resonant Infrared Detector Qian, Z., Hui, Y., Liu, F., Kar, S., & Rinaldi, M. Nature Microsystems and NanoEngineering 2016. DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.26.
- Dissociation Enthalpies of Chloride Adducts of Nitrate and Nitrite Explosives Determined by Ion Mobility Spectrometry Rajapaske, R.M, Stone, J.A., Fowler, P.E., & Eiceman, G.A. J. Phys. Chem, pp. 120, 690 - 698 2016.
- Implementation of a Fast Fluid Dynamics Model in OpenFOAM for Simulation Indoor Airflow Liu, W. Jin, M., Chen C., You, R., & Chen, Q. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 47, pp. 748 - 762 2016.
- Plasmonic Piezoelectric Nanomechanical Resonator for Spectrally Selective Infrared Sensing Hui, Y., Gomez-Diaz, J.S., Qian, Z., Alu', A., & Rinaldi, M Nature Communications, 7:11249 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11249.
- Cohesive Hamaker Constants and Dispersive Surface Energies of RDX, PETN, TNT, and Ammonium Nitrate-based Explosives Harrison, A., Otte, A., Carvajal, T., Pinal, R., & Beaudoin, S. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 40(6), pp. 892 - 897 2015.
- Structural Evolution of Ultrathin Films of Rhodamine 6G on Glass Chapman, M., Mullen, M., Novoa-Ortega, E., Alhasani, M., Elman, J.F., & Euleer W.B. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120(15), pp 8289 - 8297 2016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b01669.
- Contact between Traps and Surfaces during Contact Sampling of Explosives in Security Settings Chaffee-Cipich, M., Hoss,D., Sweat, M., & Beaudoin, S. Forensic Science International, Volume 260, pp. 85-94 2016. DOI: 10.1016/jforsciint.2015.12.041.
- Oxide Nanowires for Chemical Sensing Caron, Z., Patel, V., Meekins, D., Platek, M., & Grefory, O.J. MRS Advances pp. 1-7 2016.
- A Pre-Concentrator for Explosive Vapor Detection Caron, Z., Mallin, D., Champlin, M., & Gregory, O.J. Electromechanical Society Transactions, 66(38) 2015. DOI: 10.1149/06638.0059ecst.
- Design and Implementation of a Tunable, Duffing-Like Electromechanical Resonator via Nonlinear Feedback Bajaj, N. Sabater, A.B., Hickey, J.N., Chiu, G. T.-C., & Rhoads, J.F. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems pp. 2-10 2015. DOI: 10.1109/JMEMS.2015.2493447.
- Mid-Infrared Waveguide Array Inter-Chip Coupling Using Optical Quilt Packaging Ahmed, T., Lu, T., Butler, T.P., Kulick, J.M., Bernstein, G.H., Hoffman, A.J. Hall, D.C., & Howard, S.S. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 29(9), pp. 755-758. 2017. DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2017.2684091.
- The Influence of Interfacial Effects on the Photophysics of Rhodamine 6G Thin Films on a Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Surface Mullen, M. & Euler, W.B. Langmuir, 33(9), pp. 2194-2204. 2017. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00144.
- A New “Quasi-Dynamic” Method for Determining the Hamaker Constant of Solids Using an Atomic Force Microscope Fronczak, S.G., Dong, J., Browne, C.A., Krenek, E.C., Franses, E.I., Beaudoin, S.P., and Corti, D.S. Langmuir, 33(3), pp. 714-725. 2017. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04063.
- Detection of Dinitrotoluene Isomers Using Reactions With Bases: A Structural, Spectroscopic, Kinetic, and Computational Study You, S., Latendresse, C.A., Fernandes, S.C., Sullivan, K.M., & Euler, W.B. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 216, 20 April 2015, pp. 165 – 175. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.033 2015.
- An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Thermal Decomposition of the Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate Chloride Adduct Ion Rajapaksea, R.M.M.Y., Eiceman, G.A., & Stone, J.A. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 371, 1 October 2014, pp. 28–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.07.039 2014.
- A GPU Ray Tracer for Modeling Electromagnetic Scattering from the Human Body – (10/2013) Kathryn Williams, Borja González-Valdés, Zhongliang Chen, Luis Tirado, José Martínez-Lorenzo, Carey Rappaport
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imaging of Rough Soil, ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for Deteriorated Concrete Bridge Decks, and Large Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Ultrathin Substrates – (10/2013) Mohammad Tajdini, Carey Rappaport, Borja Gonzalez-Valdes, José Martínez-Lorenzo
- Model Based Inversion Algorithms for Improved Tunnel Detection via Borehole Ground Penetrating Radar – (10/2013) R. Alex Showalter-Bucher, Carey Rappaport, José Martínez-Lorenzo
- A Compressed Sensing Technique for Multistatic Three-Dimensional Millimeter-Wave Personnel Screening – (10/2013) Yolanda Rodriguez-Vaqueiro, Yuri Álvarez, Borja Gonzalez-Valades, José Martínez-Lorenzo, Fernando Las-Heras, Carey Rappaport
- Low-Cost, Fused Millimeter-Wave and 3D Point Cloud Imaging for Concealed Threat Detection – (10/2013) Spiros Mantzavinos, Borja Gonzalez-Valdes, Dan Busuoic, Matt Nickerson, Ryan Miller, José Martínez -Lorenzo, Carey Rappaport
- Modeling the Detection and Localization of Anti-Personnel Landmines Using Ground-Contact Antennas for Ground-Penetrating Radar – (10/2013) Margery Hines, Carey Rappaport
- Feasibility of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance as a Technique for Detecting Person-Borne Explosives – (10/2013) Michael Collins, Carey Rappaport
- A persistent Survillance Technique for the Detection of Explosives and Explosive Precursors O.J. Gregory, M.J. Platek, Y. Chu, K. Waterman, C. Hurley, M. Amani
- Investigation of CdSe Quantum Dot Quenching by Interaction with TNT Christopher A. Latendresse, JungMin Hwang, William B. Euler
- Nanotechnology for Detection of Ultralow Levels of Explosives Benjamin Saute, Radha Narayanan
- Particle removal measurements using the aerodynamic approach and Explosive particles evaporation rate measurements Yevgeny Zakon, Paz Elia, Yehuda Zeiri
- Measurements of the adhesion forces between explosive particles and various substrates Yevgeny Zakon, Paz Elia, Yehuda Zeiri
- Near field signal processing for the whole body imaging inversion problem Jose A. Martinez, Luis Tirado, Fernando Quivira, Galia Ghazi, Kathryn Williams, Carey M. Rappaport
- Computational Modeling of Close-In Millimeter Wave Radar for the Detection of Concealed Threats Kathryn Williams , Carey M. Rappaport, Ann W. Morgenthaler, Jose Martinez, Richard Obermeier, Fernando Quivira
- Transition Projects : PinPointer TM And LaserScan TM John R. Castro-Suarez, Leidy P. Dorado, Miguel Goenaga, Miguel Velez-Reyes, Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Standoff Explosives Detection John R.Castro Suarez, William Ortiz, Hilsamar Felix, Leonardo C. Pacheco,Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera, Miguel Velez-Reyes, Max Diem
- Detection of Electronically Initiated Explosive Devices D. Beetner, S. Grant, C. Stagner, C. Osterwise, M.Halligan, B. Orr
- Remote Broadband THz Wave Generation and Detection Jingle Liu, Jianming Dai, X.C. Zhang
- “Hearing” Terahertz Electromagnetic Waves Benjamin Clough, Jingle Liu, X.-C. Zhang
- Novel THz-ABCD spectrometer and its commercialization I-Chen Ho, Jianming Dai, Xi-Cheng Zhang
- Millimeter wave standoff radar detection system with motion compensation and 3D imaging capabilities Galia Ghazi, Jose A. Martinez, Carey M. Rappaport, Fernando Quivira
- Continuous Wave THz Imaging System Based on Glow Discharge Detector Lei Hou (RPI), Hongkyu Park (RPI), X.-C. Zhang (RPI)
- Continuous Wave Terahertz Imaging Colin Watson (Morehouse), Etienne Gagon (RPI), Lei Hou (RPI), Xi-ChengZhang (RPI)
- FDFD Verification and Analysis for Generation of Channel Spectral Responses Richard Obermeier (NU), Justin Fernandes (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU), Jose Martinez (NU)
- Simulating Millimeter-wave FMCW Radar for Standoff Detection of Body-worn Explosives Using Full Wave FDFD Modeling Justin Fernandes (NU), Carey Rapapport (NU), Jose Martinez (NU)
- Evaluation of Target Detection Algorithms for Explosive Material Detectionusing HyperspectralImaging and NVIDIA GPUs Blas Trigueros-Espinosa (UPRM), Miguel Velez-Reyes (UPRM), Nayda Grisel Santiago-Santiago (UPRM)
- A Practical Radio Detector Using Correlated Stimulated Emissions Colin Stagner (MST), Daryl Beetner (MST)
- Synthesis Of Gold Covered Copper Particles By Chemical And Laser Reduction Techniques And Applications To Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Omar E. Rivera-Betancourt (UPRM), Rosa I. Martinez (UPRM), Oscar Resto (UPRM), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Toward The Synthesis Of New Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates For Nitroexplosives Detection Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo (UPRM), Natacha Souto-Melgar (UPRM), Ana Maria Chamoun-Emanuelli (UPRM), Oscar Resto (UPRM), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM), Julio G. Briano (UPRM), Fernando Souto-Bachiller (UPRM)
- Raman Based Detection of Hazardous Liquids Concealed in Liquid Consumer Products Natalie Gaensbauer (NU), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Thermal-Spectroscopic Characterization of Acetone Peroxide Mixtures With Nitroexplosives Hilsamar Felix-Rivera (UPRM), Michael Ramírez (UPRM), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- “Sublimation Kinetics Of 2,4-DNT, TATP, TNT And RDX By Grazing Angle Probe, Fiber Optic Coupled Ftir Spectroscopy And Thermal Gravimetric Analysis” Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londoño (UPRM), Michael L. Ramirez (URPM), Ricardo Infante-Castillo (UPRM), Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo (UPRM), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Radar Techniques for Locating Non-cooperative Radio Receivers Colin Stagner (Missouri S&T), Christopher Osterwise (Missouri S&T), Matt Halligan (Missouri S&T), Daryl Beetner (Missouri S&T), Steven Grant (Missouri S&T)
- LaserScan™ QCL Based IR Reflection Spectroscopy System for Detection of Explosives John Castro-Suarez (UPRM), Brian Garrett Neaves (Vanderbilt), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Detection and Discrimination of Explosives and Explosives Mixtures by Remote Raman Spectroscopy John Castro-Suarez (UPRM), Brian Garrett Neaves (Vanderbilt), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Detection and Discrimination of Explosives and Explosives Mixtures by Remote Raman Spectroscopy William Ortiz-Rivera (UPRM), Leonardo Pacheco (UPRM), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Smartphone Operated Handheld Raman Spectrometer for Explosives Detection and Identification: a portable tool for Jorge Castellanos (UPRM), Kevin LaBelle (NU), Wayne Weimer (Agiltron), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Activation of “Hot Spots”, Aggregation and Surface Charge Modification of Borohydride Reduced/Citrate Capped Ag Hilsamar Felix-Rivera (UPRM), Roxannie Gonzalez-Sosa (UPRM), Oliva Primera (UPRM), Carlos Rios ( UPRM), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Air-Plasma Terahertz Spectroscopy & Optical Heterodyning Techniques Benjamin Clough (RPI), Xi-Cheng Zhang (RPI)
- Modeling the Limitations due to Different Rough Surface Statistics for Landmine Detection and Localization using Direct Ground Contact GPR Margery Hines (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- 3D Whole Body Imaging for Detecting Explosive-related Threats Carey Reppaport (NU), Jose Martinez (NU), Borja Gonzalez-Valdes (NU), Yuri Alvarez (NU)
- Building a High Performance, Flexible Multi-Modality Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radar Person-Screening Testbed Spiros Mantzavinos (NU), Kathryn Williams (NU), Galia Ghazi (NU), James Rooney (NU), Justin Rooney (NU), Carey Reppaport (NU), Jose Martinez (NU), Richard Moore (NU), Borja Gonzalez-Valdes (NU), )Yuri Alvarez (NU)
- Phenomenological Scattering Analysis of an RF Area Secure Perimeter Yolanda Rodriguez-Vaqueiro (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Borja Gonzalez-Valdes (NU), John Beaty (NU), Ann Morgenthaler (NU)
- Feasibility of Computational Methods for Realistic Simulation and Image Reconstruction for Millimeter-Wave Whole Body Imaging Kathryn Williams (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU), Jose Martinez (NU), Borja Gonzalez-Valdes (NU), Yuri Alvarez (NU)
- FMCW Signal Processing for Detecting Explosives-related Threats using Near Field and Standoff MMWR Galia Ghazi (NU), Spiros Mantzavinos (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Optimization of an Array Of Antenna Elements for Millimeter Wave Imaging Ben Berkowitz (NU), Borja Gonzalez (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Near Field Fast Forward Models and Signal Processing for Whole Body Imaging Luis Tirado (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Borja Gonzalez (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Nonlinear Tensor Anisotropic Diffusion for Hyperspectral Image Enhancement Maider Marin-McGee (UPRM), Miguel Velez-Reyes (UPRM)
- Implementing Mahalanobis Distance Computation on GPUs for portability Nelian E. Colon-Collazo (UPRM), Nayda G. Santiago (UPRM), Miguel Velez-Reyes (UPRM)
- Development of a library for Hyperspectral Image Analysis on the GPU platform Yamil Asusta (UPRM), Blas Trigueros (UPRM), Nayda Santiago (UPRM), Miguel Velez-Reyes (UPRM)
- Interrogation of Terahertz Wave Using Laser-Induced Photolumescence and Photoacoustics for Standoff Sensing Application Jingle Liu (RPI), Xi-Cheng Zhang (RPI), Jianming Dai (RPI)
- THz Air-Biased-Coherent-Detection Spectrometer for Material Sensing I-Chen Ho (RPI), Xi-Cheng Zhang (RPI), Jianming Dai (RPI)
- Interpretation of the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Spectrum of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using Simple Chemistry Models Madeline Wrable (NU), Oliva Primera (UPRM), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM), Jairo Castiloo (Fayetteville State University)
- Synthesis of TiO2 –Au, TiO2 –Ag and TiO2 –Pt by Reverse Phase Gabriel Perez-Acosta (UPRM), Leonardo Pacheco-Londono (UPRM), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Bacillus Thuringensis Endospore Detection and Characterization by Normal Raman, SERS as bioaerosol particles. Roxannie Gonzalez (UPRM), Samuel Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM), Hilsamar Felix (UPRM)
- GPU-based Implementation of Target Detection Algorithms for Standoff Detection of Explosive Materials using Hyperspectral Imaging and NVIDIA® GPUs Blas Trigueros Espinosa (UPRM), Miguel Velez-Reyes (UPRM), Nayda G. Santiago (UPRM)
- FDFD Modeling of Explosive Devices in Discreet Areas of the Body Taryn Connor (NU), Richard Obermeier (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Impact of Soil Roughness in Underground Focusing SAR Images Fernando Quivira (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Extending 2D FDFD Modeling to 2 ½ Dimensions for Realistic Simulation of Millimeter Wave Radar Whole-Body Imaging Ann Morgenthaler (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Millimeter Wave Radar System for Standoff Detection Applications: Motion Compensation and 3D Imaging Capabilities Galia Ghazi (NU), Jose Martinez-Lorenzo (NU), Carey Rappaport (NU)
- Real-Time Detection of Radio Receivers Using Stimulated Emissions Colin Stagner (Missouri S&T), Christopher Osterwise (Missouri S&T), Daryl Beetner (Missouri S&T)
- Silver, Gold, and Copper Nanoparticles for Homeland Security Applications: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Detection of Explosives Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo (UPRM), Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)
- Raman Based Bottle Screener for Conceled Hazardous Liquids Michael L. Ramirez (UPRM) & Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera (UPRM)

Thrust 2 Projects
- Improved Swab Design for Contact Sensing [INACTIVE] R2-A1
- A Novel Method for Evaluating the Adhesion of Explosives Residues R2-A3
- Orthogonal Sensors for Trace Detection R2-B1
- Portable, Integrated Microscale Sensors (PIMS) for Explosives Detection [INACTIVE] R2-B2
- Mid-Infrared Photonic Integrated Circuits for Stand-Off Detection of Trace Explosives R2-B4
- Multiplexed Mid-Infrared Imaging of Trace Explosives R2-C2
- Mechanics of Compounded Explosives for Enhanced Checkpoint Detection [MERGED W/R2-A3] R2-D1